Power Shifts In Intergovernmental Relations: A Result Of Fiscal Feder

Power Shifts in Intergovernmental Relations: A Result of Fiscal Federalism   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Fiscal federalism is the result of the states' dependence on the national government for funds. Until 1913, the national government had minimal monetary resources, thus possessing little control over the affairs of the states. Once effected, the Sixteenth Amendment resulted in the amassing of government funds on the national level. This reserve of money enabled the national government to initiate a multitude of national programs--such as the interstate highway--as well as provide grants to the states. It is primarily through these grants that the national government can exert influence over state affairs; for, by designating restrictions in the distribution of these grants, the national government can compel states and localities to make or alter policies and legislation in accordance with its agenda. The manner in which the national government has wielded the influence of money throughout the history of the nation has continually altered intergovernmental relations. Since the Depression, fiscal federalism has caused the national government to dominate the states; recently, however, reforms have begun to return power to the states.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Policies and precedents of the New Deal centralized power in the national government. To remedy the devastation of the Great Depression, it assumed a more direct and prevalent role in the lives of the people. Con...

General Psychology and the Study of Human Behavior Essay

Psychology is the study of the human behavior especially how the mind of the human beings works. For many years, the behavior of human beings has been studied by very many scholars and they have come up with very many reasons as to why people behave in such a manner. However, as a student my main ambition is to become a drug and alcohol counselor. Therefore, this class of general psychology has helped me in building my career very much due to the course content value. Variation is one of the most obvious characteristics of human behavior. An individual’s every day life is marked by an expansive fluctuation in almost every aspect of behavior such as the intelligence he exudes, the speed with which he moves, his expression of emotions, goals he pursues, humor, energy, anxiety, shyness, among others. Even the most intelligent of human individuals have ordinary thoughts most of the time as they too are confronted with the normal activities like choosing the right mode of dressing, brushing in the morning and carrying out normal transactions. There is sufficient evidence towards the fact that one of the most striking features of a child’s behavior is its dynamic aspect of the stream of behavior recorded continuously (Barker, 1968). Any individual with no knowledge of psychology comprehend this dimension of human variation from their observation and experience. However, this is not prominent in scientific psychology. The concern of scientific psychology is another dimension of behavior variability with emphasis on individual differences. This is a major step in psychology that despite the variations that occur within every individual’s behavior, the methods for measuring and identifying individual behavior constants have been devised. Scientific psychology’s concern is with the varied number of constants measured and how they relate with each other. There is however a difficulty in achieving a stable behavior measurement. For the stability of behavior measurement to be achieved, their must be an imposition of stable measurement upon the individual, land the same conditions must be reintroduced every time the measurement is being repeated. The employment of this method offers measures of individual constancies under certain conditions but terminates individual variations under varied conditions thereby destroying the such contexts of behavior that occur naturally. This problem is not however unique to psychology. A beam’s strength can be measured under given specific conditions and under this very condition each time the measurement is being carried out. However, depending on the structural context, a beam possesses many strengths. This is also true for the meaning of words since words too have a range of meaning, the actual one being determined by the context in which it has been used. With this regard, an individual is like a beam or a word, possessing many strengths, intelligences, moralities, speeds and social maturities. However, it is clear where this intra-individual behavior variation comes from. An individual’s behavior is both internally and externally connected, though in a very complicated way. The internal parts of an individual such as the neurons, hormones or muscles and the external context such as the class, field or the game he is playing has a complex connection. The psychological individual who reads a book, plays some game and walks on some road poses as an identifiable entity between the interior parts and the exterior contexts that are unstable, being linked to both the entities, yet profoundly separated from them. This separation emerges from the fact that the internal parts and the external contexts of an individual involves an entity that functions according to laws that are not the same as those that govern his behavior (Cromwell-Davis, 2008). Such things like the actions of the brain, contraction of muscles and the concentration of hormones are not psychological phenomena. With the current state of understanding, the operation of such phenomena involve laws that are not compatible with that of psychology. The same applies to the environment with which an individual operates. The school or class where an individual is a student, the library he studies and the road he walks operates according to laws that are foreign with regard to that govern his behavior as an individual. The external context involves what has been referred to as the molar ecological environment which includes those phenomena that occurs naturally outside an individuals skin with which his molar actions are incorporated but operate according to laws that are incompatible with those laws that dictates his molar behavior (Baker, 1965). There is a difference between the psychological and ecological environment. One of the interesting aspects of human behavior is the course it takes when different variables are introduced within the environment. In the study below, behavior of individual was observed with regard to the distance between them and other human subjects. Theory Statement An individual’s mode of behavior is dictated by the distance between him and other subjects. According to Adam Kendon, every human behavior is located (Kendon 1990, p. 210). Human behavior takes place within a given space which has objects and people upon which the behavior is directed. The space and what it contains on the other hand influences the behavior of an individual. The space occupied and maintained by an individual’s behavior can in this respect be termed as the transactional space. The transactional space between two individuals influences their behavior. Experiment In the following experiment, a study was conducted to investigate the extent to which transactional space influences the behavior of individuals in college. The investigator walked through the college in different areas where different activities were being carried out. The exercise took three hours and findings were recorded. The experiment was conducted in the campus park because of the diversity of activity and human interactions that takes place in it. Methodology Since the study involved the study of behavior in face to face interaction, a major problem encountered was how to define the structural units in which the subjects were organized. In particular, it became difficult to delineate the distinct units of interaction with regard to the organization of observable behavior into their components for analysis. However, the observations were made randomly with neither of the subjects aware of the experiments. As such, the experimenter walked from one point to another, looking at the group formation and identifying individuals who did not have any company. The behavior which was recorded included eye focus, body movement and the degree of engagement in a particular action. In particular, the reaction of the subjects were observed whenever the experimenter approached an individual or a group of individuals. In all the instances, the experimenter did not engage the subjects in any form of conversation. Observations and results Behavior of individuals was varied depending on the activity and whether one was alone or in groups. Among the individuals who were alone, there seemed to be an absorption with either something that was going on around them or an absorption with an activity that they were involved with. They also seemed to react whenever an individual came within three meters of their transactional space. Of the notable behaviors, five out of six subjects looked directly at the individual who came within three meters of their transactional space. Among groups of individuals, there was a variation in behavior with regard to the number. In a group of two, the subjects engaged in conversation with momentous eye contact. Whenever one passed within a distance of three meters, they all turned and depending on the behavior or gender of the individual, some responded with either greeting the individual or looked briefly and continued with their conversation. The latter instance was rare with groups of three or more. Discussion A behavior setting is composed of one or more standing patterns of behavior. There are numerous patterns of behavior that have been recognized such as a molar unit or group activity. This is a bounded pattern in holistic human behavior. It is thus a discrete behavioral unit with coordinates which are univocal within space and time. As such, a standing pattern of behavior cannot be said to be a character of the subjects involved but rather, it is a phenomenon outside the individual with unique characteristics which remain whenever there is an alteration of the participants. One apparent thing among the subjects observed is that their behavior with regard to reacting to an individual coming within their transactional space is dependent among various factors which may not be open to the experimenter as human behavior is derived from both external and internal conditions. As such, every observable behavior exhibited by an individual has various roots even though behavior can be predicted to some extent. The first thing that the course has helped to understand in relation to drug and alcohol is the different terms that are used when counseling a person. This are the general terms that are used when counseling a patient. For example, it is not good to use terms like â€Å"you are wrong,† â€Å"you do not know† or â€Å"you are foolish.† The course has helped to learn the new terms that I will be using like, â€Å"instead of saying you are wrong,† you can say, â€Å"that is another good reason.† Additionally, it has helped us to learn the tone of language that is to be used. When counseling a patient, one should always be calm and always be positive about what the patient is feeling and thinking. It is also in this unit of general psychology that we have learnt how very different people behave in the different ways. This is where the course has taught me why different people behave as they do and why they end up drinking. Stress is one factor that makes people to end up becoming alcoholic or turning into drugs. Additionally, drug abuse and alcoholism has also been known to be hereditary from the resent research studies that have been done by the different scholars. It is through this course that we have learnt the very many reasons as to why people behave in different ways and why they take drugs or alcohol. I have learnt the different forms of therapy that are used in counseling in this course. This is where the introduction to therapy is done. One way of helping a drug or an alcohol addict to stop the addiction is through therapy. Therapy is the solving of personal problems of a person that occurs daily. In therapy, talking with a trained professional is the method that is usually used to solve the different problems. Therefore, this unit of general psychology is helping me gain that knowledge and become a professional therapist in treating the different problems that different drug and alcohol addicts have. It is also in this lesson of general psychology that I have learned the intelligence of the human thinking. In the growth graph, since the time somebody is born, the brain usually undergoes several stages intelligence. For example, when somebody is at the age of the teenage the brain starts to develop the ability to solve problems in reality. This means that the thinking capacity has grown and the person is able to think critically as compared to the person was young. Therefore, this lesson has helped me understand the different stages of intelligence in the human beings, making it easy for me when it comes to counseling the different people. Motivation is another very important factor in counseling especially in the counseling of drug abusers and alcoholics. It is in this class where the subject of motivation is introduced and taught in detail to prepare the students as they go ahead with the studies of psychology. I have learnt the different methods that are used in motivating the different drug and alcohol addicts. This is very important because when counseling people who are drug or alcohol addicts, the people need to be motivated so that they can be able to quit easily without the need of turning back. Therefore, this lesson of general psychology has taught me a greater lesson in motivation and how it should be applied in the field of practice. This class of general psychology has taught me a great number of different personalities that different people tend have. It is important to note that there is no way that two people can have the same personality. According to this chapter, it is because of how the different kinds of people have very different thoughts from one another. For this reason, the study of this lesson has been a very influential topic in my career as a counselor of drug addicts and alcoholics In addition, this class has opened up my mind on the different perceptions that I always had about drunkards. When I had started this class, I had the wrong impression/perception of how the drug addicts and alcoholics behave. I thought that this people, are people who are just lazy in life and they only abuse drugs as an excuse to their many problems. However, this class of general psychology has changed my perception about the different drug addicts and alcoholics and it has given me an open mind, which is required by counselors when it comes to helping others during therapy. Lastly, this lesson has been able to introduce some of the topics that are very useful in the study of counseling, and they are going to be learnt deeply in other classes especially at the level of specialization. Additionally, it is this unit, which has helped me realize that people are not always drug addicts or alcoholics because they want to be, but it is because of the different behaviors that they exhibit, which are affected by external factors like stress. These external factors can drive somebody crazy leading to drug abuse or alcohol abuse. Therefore, this subject has introduced me into the topic of human behavior in relation to drug abuse, alcoholism and how the following problems can be solved by the use of counseling.

The Autobiography By Benjamin Franklin - 1952 Words

The Autobiography In the autobiographical essay aptly entitled â€Å"The Autobiography† (1791) Benjamin Franklin, a writer, renowned inventor, and American founding father confides that he had made attempts in his youth at emulating Perfection through the apprehension and application of 13 traits: Temperance,Silence, Order, Resolution, Frugality, Industry, Sincerity, Justice, Moderation, Cleanliness, Tranquility, Chastity, and Humility. Enunciating his ideas by checking the aforementioned traits off the list, not in a numerical order as to their placement on his list, but in a chronological order relating to the sequence he completed the items. Benjamin Franklin used the list and a story like retelling of events in order to bring light to his†¦show more content†¦The Crisis Thomas Paine, an American Colonial writer during the American Revolution, wrote a persuasive essay â€Å"The Crisis, Number 1†(17760 in which he implores that the colonists â€Å"lay [their] shoulders to the wheel; better have too much force than too little, when so great an object is at stake.† in regards to the freedom taken away by British control. He makes clear the importance of breaking away from Britain by explaining that revolting against tyranny was supported by God and it was a natural duty of man to respond against â€Å"mean principles that are held by the Tories†. Paine used an anecdote about a father selfishly deciding against fighting instead of attaining freedom for his child in order to â€Å"awaken every man to duty† or convince the reader that a moral, respectable citizen would agree with him. The target audience is easily spotted in this essay because Colonial emotions are shown paramount to British ones, the essay was designed to impress upon colonists the importance of fighting for their own Freedom through the use of bandwagon tactics and pathos filled anecdotes and his opinionated tone. Speech in the Virginia Convention Patrick Henry addressed the Second Virginia Convention with a plea known as â€Å"Patrick Henry s Speech in the Convention† (1775) in whichShow MoreRelatedThe Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin1058 Words   |  5 PagesThe Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin Benjamin Franklin’s life made a huge impact on the history of America. He also was an influence for many citizens. Since Franklin lived during the eighteenth century, a period of growth for America, he also played a part in the political founding of the United States. To help future generations, Franklin wrote an autobiography of his life. An autobiography is a piece of literature about someone’s own life. He separates his into four parts, each one depictingRead MoreThe Autobiography Of Benjamin Franklin1367 Words   |  6 PagesPrater 23 November 2014 Benjamin Franklin The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin is a detailed account of the illustrious experiences of Benjamin Franklin. Though the cultural differences in writing has changed since the 18th century one can learn a lot about one of America’s greatest forefathers through this book. It accounts for Franklin’s life when he was born January 17th, 1706 till the year 1757. Unfortunately, he died in 1790 and was never able to finish his autobiography. However, the book thoroughlyRead MoreThe Autobiography Of Benjamin Franklin529 Words   |  3 PagesThe Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin by Benjamin Franklin has many things, but maybe more than anything else about Benjamin Franklin it explains about him being a politician, and there is no more reason to look out for an unbiased autobiography from Franklin than from any other politician. This Franklin is a persona, a conscious literary creation bestowed for our contention One of Franklin’s virtues is humbleness, and his humbl eness comes out in the form of his book. His narrative is extremelyRead MoreThe Autobiography Of Benjamin Franklin1263 Words   |  6 Pagesnarratives. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin is one of the most famous examples of this type of writing. Franklin’s was a narrative written to the general public, in order to share his life accomplishments and stories. Contrary to this, Spark Notes analysists say that â€Å"Many literary critics have often thought of Franklin’s Autobiography as a prototypical revenge narrative.† The supposed reason is that Franklin rises above others who were once superior to him. The autobiography, however, isRead MoreThe Autobiography Of Benjamin Franklin1966 Words   |  8 PagesThe Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin by Benjamin Franklin and Blaine McCormick we got a wonderful look into the life of Benjamin Franklin. In his story he taught use a lot about the world of business and how to run a successful business. In this essa y I will be talking about some of the few things Ben Franklin said that really stood out to me and what I think they meant. Then, I will talk about his inventions and how those inventions had evolved today. Then, I will talk about Ben Franklin 13 secretsRead MoreThe Autobiography Of Benjamin Franklin Analysis781 Words   |  4 PagesLater adding to it, contributing his life’s story to a historical documentation. Written in a specific style, Benjamin Franklin’s memoir, The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin, is a narrative of his life. Incorporating strict fact and events, expository writing, excludes the author’s opinion of the subject matter. 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Throughout his biography he mentionsRead MoreThe Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin Essay1063 Words   |  5 PagesIn The Autobiography, Benjamin Franklin recounts the many paramount experiences throughout his life that shaped him into great American figure he was known to be. On the opening page, Franklin reveals the book’s epistolary format by writing, â€Å"Dear Son,† going on to admit that he’s made some mistakes in the past and to recollect that past is a way to relive it. By divulging his desire to â€Å"change some sinister Accidents Events† (Franklin 3) the author indicates how important it is for his son toRead MoreAnalysis Of The Autobiography Of Benjamin Franklin1774 Words   |  8 PagesAt the beginning of the Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin, it seems to become unclear to the reader if they are, in fact, reading about his life. The man we hear about today is the widely successful social businessman of the 18th century, so it comes as a surprise to hear that at the start of his life he was a bit impoverished. With further reading comes the understanding that he had to work arduously to get where he was. This is because during the 1700’s, only people of great affluence were a partRead MoreThe American Dream in The Great Gatsby and The Autobiograph y of Benjamin Franklin1918 Words   |  8 Pageschallenges the core values and ideals that Benjamin Franklin expresses in his Autobiography. In the provided passage, the young Franklin arrives in Philadelphia in hopes of becoming a new self-made man and begins his journey with little money and few resources much like Gatsby. After arriving by boat, he tries to pay the people of the boat for his voyage but his payment is initially refused because he rowed the boat in order to get to Philadelphia. Franklin insists that they take his payment and says

Some Things To Be Aware When It Comes To Dealing With The

Some Things To Be Aware When It Comes To Dealing With The Homeless When people think of being homeless in Las Vegas, images of dirty ‘bums’ scattered on the streets ravaging for food in garbage cans and begging for money comes up. The grimness and stench of trash from these people fills the air and causes everyone to hold their noses because of the outdoor sweaty smells that normally accompanies them. Of course, not all homeless people are like this because there are many who keep themselves well-groomed. Being homeless technically means the person is without a home, not that they are necessarily an animal of some sort or even careless or uneducated, they are just in a current living situation where they are living outside but this does†¦show more content†¦Homeless people who look clean and neat are usually truly homeless and in need of genuine help because they are taking advantage of programs that want to help them such as Charities and churches. Some of the dirty homeless people will actually reject help. The drug addicts w ill reject a sandwich if offered to them because they want the money instead. Remember the homeless guy from ‘Scary Movie’ that said, â€Å"I said a dollar, bitch!† and tossed the sandwich back at the main character? Some â€Å"dirty† homeless people are really like that. As stated earlier, homeless people ,of course, are humans, so they have human ways. They could be very picky eaters and will ask that you buy them certain foods. I knew some homeless people who were vegetarians! I was one. There are also soup kitchen and food pantries if you need something quick and free to eat. You can recognize a homeless person based on the clothes they wear. A laborer would typically wear dirty clothes, which is normal, however, if you see a person who is wearing dirty clothing with obvious dried up stains that haven’t been washed out in months then they might be a homeless person. Some homeless people don’t go to the laundromat for various reasons and others are always there because of course they want to stay clean and their skin healthy. As stated earlier, the drug addicts or people with mental disabilities will choose not to wash their clothes, but real homeless people strive toShow MoreRelatedPersuasive Essay On Relapses1292 Words   |  6 Pagesdisorder. After every relapse, it may become increasingly difficult to regain control over the symptoms. For this reason, it is especially important for people with a mental disorder to do all that is possible to reduce the risk of a relapse† When it comes to relapse, most of us think of it as being related to addiction. Even though it is related to addiction problems, what addiction and mental health have in common is the phrase relapse can applied to both. Even though it’s used in a different contextRead MoreEthical Issues With International Business1518 Words   |  7 Pagesan interesting task. There are many cultures, behaviors and traditions that different countries have and it is important to be aware of them. Cultures become crossed when different countries negotiate business. Culture influences how people act, think, and communicate. When dealing business internationally, diving in head first isn t an option, businesses need to be aware of differences and accommodate them to be successful. There are many ethical issues with international business. Many companiesRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Cancer Treatments1664 Words   |  7 PagesIn dealing with cancer treatments now, slight flaws in our practice after therapy have been present; in doing so, patients have experienced personal and emotional discomfort after therapy. Addressing these issues can become informal to patients, as technology have made it easier for our daily procedures to become convenient. The underlining cause of some confusion is not the patients fault but lack of communication from the health care provider after. Therefore, introducing the drawbacks of cancerRead MoreThe Between The And Great Commandment And The Great Commission1687 Words   |  7 Pagesapproach to students when it comes to one-on-one relationship. Also, it talks about how to set up some boundaries but at the same time have a close friendship with them. It includes useful information that minister might want get. To begin with, it categorized six types of students. The purpose of doing this is not because the author wants to judge his students. It is because by doing so, one can clearly have diverse attitudes when students with different spiritual condition come to ministers. The mostRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Breast Cancer1575 Words   |  7 PagesCost of treatment has been a factor to some patients because those seeking medical attention are not aware of the expenses up front. While bladder cancer has become increasingly more expensive, is has reached from four billion $USD and now estimated to about five billion by 2020 (2014). Minor setbacks have been present when dealing with radiation therapy (RT) and chemotherapy (CT). Radiation toxicities have been common with RT, therefore, patients experience some sort of symptoms. Treatment objectionRead MoreCultural Diversity For A Nursing1589 Words   |  7 Pagespoints of why having and understanding diversity in nursing is such a key factor in ensuring quality care. It will also discuss some of the complications that nurses can come across when dealing with cultural diversity. Nursing Implication Any practicing nurse or student is going to directly encounter a situation that deals with cultural diversity. Certainly, having some background knowledge of a specific culture can be extremely helpful. 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Some people have very strict rules on how they handle business matters and others are lenient (Hult News, 2017). In my opinion, we are living in the year 2017 and need to be more open-minded regarding these types of issues among other things in the business world. Many times business deals are lost due to the fact the employees or the company did not take the timeRead MoreThe Common Reason For Vascular Dementia1302 Words   |  6 PagesMany people aren’t aware of vascular dementia, and some of those who are aware of it misunderstand the disease. It’s very important to be educated on how the disease could affect you or someone you care about, and how you maybe able to deal with it. Cerebrovascular disease, also known as vascular dementia, is the second to most common form of dementia. It is characterized by blood vessels changing over time in the cerebrum (brain). The most common reason for vascular dementia is due to aging ofRead MoreEssay on The Cheese Is Moving: Help Me to Change!1414 Words   |  6 Pages The â€Å"cheese† is a metaphor for the things that we want in our lives. For different people this represents different things they seek to make them satisfied. â€Å"The â€Å"Maze† in the story represents where you spend time looking for what you want† (Johnson, 1998, p.14). Johnson establishes the setting of the story in the maze, a complex, extensive, and daunting place. The cheese is located in Cheese Stations in various locations in the maze. The cheese comes in a variety of quantities and qualities

The Complex Nature Of Diabetes And Its Effects On The...

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a serious, chronic disease which affects one out of every eleven people in the United States. Diabetes Mellitus, also known as Diabetes, is a complex endocrine disease dealing with excessive glucose in the blood. The disease process lies within the body’s metabolic state in which the body metabolizes carbohydrates, proteins, and fats leading to either defective insulin production or insufficient amounts of insulin. Diabetes has several pathogeneses, signs and symptoms, risk factors, complications, treatment goals and teaching practices. In this paper, I will discuss the complex nature of Diabetes and its effects on the human body. The complex nature of Diabetes and its classification types can be better†¦show more content†¦The hallmark symptoms of DM are polyuria, polydipsia and polyphagia with fatigue and an increase susceptibilty to infections noted as a sign. The differences in Type 1 and Type 2 markers is that Type 2 lists: obesity, and gradual onset of the disease process as a sign marker while weight loss with a rapid onset is indicative of Type 1 sign. According to the American Diabetes Association, diagnostic tests used to confirm Type 1 and Type 2 are: Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ≠¥ 126 mg/dl, Two-hour Plasma Glucose (PG) ≠¥200 mg/dl, Random plasma glucose ≠¥200 mg/dl, Glycated hemoglobin (A1C) test ≠¥ 6.5% repeated twice (2014). Once diagnosis of type of DM is confirmed, the treatment plan for Type 1 and Type 2 can planned mapped where Type 2 is a combination of insulin, diet, exercise with daily blood sugar monitoring to avoid further excaltions of hyperglycemia suc h as Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Nonketolic Coma (HHNKA) as oppposed to Type 1 where the treatment is insulin injections and daily blood sugar monitoring to avoid worsening of the conditions. Since Diabetes is contingent on signs and symptoms of the disease, the following symptomology and sign markers are important to detect and notate. All scholarly journals notate that Type 1 and Type 2 DM develop due to a high concentration of glucose in the bloodstream (hyperglycemia) and that insulin, the hormone, controls the level of glucose in the

Trends In Technology Influencing Autonomous Design â€Free Samples

Question: Discuss About The Trends In Technology Influencing Autonomous Design? Answer: Introducation Autonomous technology has taken over the market in the recent and most of the multination companies are spending large amount of capital on development of level five autonomous vehicles. nuTonomy is the first company in the world who were successful in testing autonomous vehicles in the streets of Singapore. The company has increased the number of car in the roads of Singapore and have started conducting tests in the streets of other cities (Mullins, Stankiewicz and Gupta 2017). The car developed by nuTonomy has given a far superior model than the tradition designs where the vehicle has a formal logic, which is based on the Asimovs laws of robotics. The vehicle developed by the company will reduce the amount of human error and thus reduce the number of accidents all over the world. However, there is still lot of improvement that could be made and there are few upcoming trends, which could revolutionaries the autonomous vehicle industry. The first trend is the use of the superhero per formance, which will prevent any sort of accident. The superhero hero performance will be able to identify potential threat of accident and will be able to avoid them (Ackerman 2017). This technology is beyond the expectation of the people as it specially designed to eliminate human error. The next trend is the use of the automatic processing of data that will improve the navigation system of the autonomous vehicles. The company is successful in delivering level four autonomous vehicles; the new technology developed has helped the organization to make a path-breaking break through and has moved way beyond the semi autonomous technology. The next goal of the company is create a vehicle on demand level five autonomous vehicles that can replace the services like Uber. nuTonomy has formed a partnership with Peugeot and they are testing self-driven cars in Singapore and other cities. The use of artificial intelligence and advanced sensors to avoid any form of causality will the technology of the future (Fleetwood 2017). The company has co nsidered all future cars to be level five autonomous vehicles that will not require human assistance and the new model tested by the organization is the initial model for this concept Reference Mullins, G.E., Stankiewicz, P.G. and Gupta, S.K., 2017, May. Automated generation of diverse and challenging scenarios for test and evaluation of autonomous vehicles. InRobotics and Automation (ICRA), 2017 IEEE International Conference on(pp. 1443-1450). IEEE. Ackerman, E., 2017. Hail, robo-taxi![Top Tech 2017].IEEE Spectrum,54(1), pp.26-29. Fleetwood, J., 2017. Public health, ethics, and autonomous vehicles.American journal of public health,107(4), pp.532-537.

The case of Charles Laverne Singleton

The case of Charles Laverne Singleton is often debated by journalists as well as medical workers. It should be mentioned that this person was sentenced to death penalty, but the execution was delayed because he was diagnosed with a mental disorder. In turn, it is important to speak about the court decision according to which he could be forced to take antipsychotic drugs.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The case of Charles Laverne Singleton specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In this way, the state attempted to make Singleton sane and eligible for death penalty. The critics of this decision believe that medicine is aimed at healing people, but it cannot be used to prepare them for execution. This is the main argument that can be identified. It is closely related to the functioning of the criminal justice system and medical ethics. Overall, I believe that the medical treatment, which a death-row prisoner may receive, must not be viewed as a sufficient ground for execution. This argument is particularly relevant if one speaks about people who have some mental disorders. It is possible to single out several reasons that can support this position. First of all, the legitimization of such practices can compromise or even undermine the ethical integrity of medical workers. These professionals must not use coercion in their daily practices. In many cases, voluntary and informed consent of the patient must be obtained by physicians prior to taking any action. Therefore, the decision taken by the court can prompt medical workers to violate their ethical principles which are essential for protecting patients’ rights and their safety. This is one of the details that should be considered by legislators who need to think about the long-term consequences of their actions. Additionally, the decision can eventually legitimate the dehumanization of death-row convicts or any prisoners. In particular, the y may be forced to take not only antipsychotic drugs, but other chemical substances as well. For example, they can be used in medical experiments without their consent. This is one of the pitfalls that policy-makers should not overlook. Certainly, they try to make sure that the execution of Singleton is not classified as a cruel and unusual punishment. In this way, they want to comply with existing legal norms.Advertising Looking for essay on criminology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, their efforts to legitimize this execution can turn the criminal justice system into a machine that can dehumanize convicts who will be deprived of their dignity. There is a risk that this policy may create a loophole for violating the rights of prisoners. This is why the morality of this verdict can be questioned. Secondly, one should mention that the medical assistance, which is given to a person, does not necessarily result in compl ete recovery. In many cases, medical workers can only help a patient adjust to some symptoms of a disease. One should bear in mind that Singleton was suffering from schizophrenia. By taking antipsychotic drugs, this person can experience some temporary relief. However, one cannot say that he/she can overcome this disease. Similar argument can be applied to other disorders. This issue should be considered since it is important for showing that this court decision is based on the superficial understanding of such notions as medicine and treatment. Moreover, this approach is not compatible with the daily practices of healthcare professionals. Certainly, one can raise an objection to my position, and this critique will incorporate several arguments. In particular, the supporters of this decision can say that healthcare professionals are inevitably involved in executions. For instance, they must declare the death of a convict. More importantly, their duty is to provide medical assistance to prisoners, regardless of the crimes that they could have committed. However, they cannot be held responsible for the actions of the state. In its turn, the government must enforce the decisions of the court. This task is critical for doing justice. By providing antipsychotic drugs to a convict, the state wants to make sure that this individual understands why death penalty is imposed on him/her. In other words, this person should see that he is punished for a certain felony. Therefore, this decision of the court can be justified, provided that a person accepts the very necessity for capital punishment.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The case of Charles Laverne Singleton specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Admittedly, this objection should not be overlooked, but it is not sufficient for addressing ethical issues that are related to this case. In particular, this approach cannot justify medical workers’ u se of coercion. Secondly, these professional must be concerned with the long-term well-being of a patient. However, by facilitating the execution of a person, medical workers will deviate from the professional norms that are set for them. This is one of the issues that should not be disregarded. Furthermore, it is vital to remember about the impact of this court decision on the experiences of other death-row convicts whose civic rights can be violated by the state. This position can be adopted even by a person who supports the use of death penalty. One should bear in mind that the acceptance of capital punishment does not imply that the state can dehumanize people. This essay on The case of Charles Laverne Singleton was written and submitted by user Spirit to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.