United States Armed Forces Essay Example for Free

United States Armed Forces Essay The United States Armed Forces are the military forces of the United States of America. They are composed of the Army, Air Force, Coast Guard, Navy, and the Marine Corps. Each branch plays a unique role in the security of America. Whether the country is participating in a conflict or developing the weapons of tomorrow, the freedom of America is protected by these branches. The Army, Navy, and Air Force represent the largest of the five branches, each having their own department in the Department of Defense. While they all work together to some extent, their purposes can be very different. The United States Army is the oldest branch of the military. It was established 14 June 1775. The Army is the largest branch of all the branches with over 550,000 active duty personnel. The Army serves as the land-based branch of the U. S. military. The Army does however operate aviation units of both fixed-wing and rotary wing aircraft, the majority of service members are land forces. The primary mission of the Army is to fight and win our Nation’s wars by providing prompt, sustained land dominance across the full range of military operations and spectrum of conflict in support of combatant commanders. (1). The land forces of the Army are led by members of the infantry. Infantry is more physically demanding than other jobs in the Army, and places a greater emphasis on discipline, fitness, physical strength and aggression. The infantry is a weapon system in its self. It is the backbone of the Army. Infantry experience the highest number of casualties during any conflict because of the constant requirement of being face to face with the enemy. The United States Air Force is the most recent branch of the military. It was officially established on 18 September 1947. Before this the USAF was known as the U. S. Army Air Forces. It was operated and maintained by the Army during World War II until the National Security Act of 1947 which formed the modern day air force. The USAF is the most technologically sophisticated air force in the world. The main purpose of the USAF is to support the security of the United States through air and space exploration. The USAF supports national policies and objectives; and overcomes any nation esponsible for aggressive acts that endangers the peace and security of the United States. It is the main supporter of ground forces by providing air support during missions. The USAF does this by maintaining and operating over 5,500 staffed aircraft. The USAF is responsible for servicing and maintaining over 2,000 of the nations cruise missiles and the 450 intercontinental ballistic missiles also known as ICBM. The United States Navy was established on 13 October 1775. The Navy maintains, equips, and trains combat-ready Naval forces. These forces are capable of winning wars, discouraging aggression, and maintaining America’s freedom at the seas. The Navy has the world’s largest carrier fleet, with 11 active aircraft carriers. The USN is the largest fleet in the world; operating over 280 ships and some 3,600 aircraft. The USN maintains not only ships and submarines, but also naval aviation, including land-based naval aviation, air transport essential for naval operations and all air weapons. While those serving in the Navy do operate on land, their main mission is on the seas. The development of aircraft, weapons, tactics, and techniques have allowed the Navy to conquer multiple conflicts including World War II and the Cold War. The Navy is a main supporter of the Air Force, providing them with carriers for transporting and landing aircraft at sea. This extends the Air Force’s reach well beyond land bases. With Earth being over 70 percent water, the Navy is one of the most important branches of the modern day military. While the branches differ from each other, they come together to accomplish extraordinary goals. Whether it is fighting for freedom in the Revolutionary War, or fighting an unknown enemy in Operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan, the United States Armed Forces are there to answer the call of duty. Through an entire volunteer force and superior technology they triumph any enemy that stands in their way. The United States of America was forged by the bravery from the men and women who have served in the U. S. Armed Forces. The Army, Air Force, and Navy provide a blanket of freedom for all Americans to enjoy.

Power Shifts In Intergovernmental Relations: A Result Of Fiscal Feder

Power Shifts in Intergovernmental Relations: A Result of Fiscal Federalism   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Fiscal federalism is the result of the states' dependence on the national government for funds. Until 1913, the national government had minimal monetary resources, thus possessing little control over the affairs of the states. Once effected, the Sixteenth Amendment resulted in the amassing of government funds on the national level. This reserve of money enabled the national government to initiate a multitude of national programs--such as the interstate highway--as well as provide grants to the states. It is primarily through these grants that the national government can exert influence over state affairs; for, by designating restrictions in the distribution of these grants, the national government can compel states and localities to make or alter policies and legislation in accordance with its agenda. The manner in which the national government has wielded the influence of money throughout the history of the nation has continually altered intergovernmental relations. Since the Depression, fiscal federalism has caused the national government to dominate the states; recently, however, reforms have begun to return power to the states.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Policies and precedents of the New Deal centralized power in the national government. To remedy the devastation of the Great Depression, it assumed a more direct and prevalent role in the lives of the people. Con...

General Psychology and the Study of Human Behavior Essay

Psychology is the study of the human behavior especially how the mind of the human beings works. For many years, the behavior of human beings has been studied by very many scholars and they have come up with very many reasons as to why people behave in such a manner. However, as a student my main ambition is to become a drug and alcohol counselor. Therefore, this class of general psychology has helped me in building my career very much due to the course content value. Variation is one of the most obvious characteristics of human behavior. An individual’s every day life is marked by an expansive fluctuation in almost every aspect of behavior such as the intelligence he exudes, the speed with which he moves, his expression of emotions, goals he pursues, humor, energy, anxiety, shyness, among others. Even the most intelligent of human individuals have ordinary thoughts most of the time as they too are confronted with the normal activities like choosing the right mode of dressing, brushing in the morning and carrying out normal transactions. There is sufficient evidence towards the fact that one of the most striking features of a child’s behavior is its dynamic aspect of the stream of behavior recorded continuously (Barker, 1968). Any individual with no knowledge of psychology comprehend this dimension of human variation from their observation and experience. However, this is not prominent in scientific psychology. The concern of scientific psychology is another dimension of behavior variability with emphasis on individual differences. This is a major step in psychology that despite the variations that occur within every individual’s behavior, the methods for measuring and identifying individual behavior constants have been devised. Scientific psychology’s concern is with the varied number of constants measured and how they relate with each other. There is however a difficulty in achieving a stable behavior measurement. For the stability of behavior measurement to be achieved, their must be an imposition of stable measurement upon the individual, land the same conditions must be reintroduced every time the measurement is being repeated. The employment of this method offers measures of individual constancies under certain conditions but terminates individual variations under varied conditions thereby destroying the such contexts of behavior that occur naturally. This problem is not however unique to psychology. A beam’s strength can be measured under given specific conditions and under this very condition each time the measurement is being carried out. However, depending on the structural context, a beam possesses many strengths. This is also true for the meaning of words since words too have a range of meaning, the actual one being determined by the context in which it has been used. With this regard, an individual is like a beam or a word, possessing many strengths, intelligences, moralities, speeds and social maturities. However, it is clear where this intra-individual behavior variation comes from. An individual’s behavior is both internally and externally connected, though in a very complicated way. The internal parts of an individual such as the neurons, hormones or muscles and the external context such as the class, field or the game he is playing has a complex connection. The psychological individual who reads a book, plays some game and walks on some road poses as an identifiable entity between the interior parts and the exterior contexts that are unstable, being linked to both the entities, yet profoundly separated from them. This separation emerges from the fact that the internal parts and the external contexts of an individual involves an entity that functions according to laws that are not the same as those that govern his behavior (Cromwell-Davis, 2008). Such things like the actions of the brain, contraction of muscles and the concentration of hormones are not psychological phenomena. With the current state of understanding, the operation of such phenomena involve laws that are not compatible with that of psychology. The same applies to the environment with which an individual operates. The school or class where an individual is a student, the library he studies and the road he walks operates according to laws that are foreign with regard to that govern his behavior as an individual. The external context involves what has been referred to as the molar ecological environment which includes those phenomena that occurs naturally outside an individuals skin with which his molar actions are incorporated but operate according to laws that are incompatible with those laws that dictates his molar behavior (Baker, 1965). There is a difference between the psychological and ecological environment. One of the interesting aspects of human behavior is the course it takes when different variables are introduced within the environment. In the study below, behavior of individual was observed with regard to the distance between them and other human subjects. Theory Statement An individual’s mode of behavior is dictated by the distance between him and other subjects. According to Adam Kendon, every human behavior is located (Kendon 1990, p. 210). Human behavior takes place within a given space which has objects and people upon which the behavior is directed. The space and what it contains on the other hand influences the behavior of an individual. The space occupied and maintained by an individual’s behavior can in this respect be termed as the transactional space. The transactional space between two individuals influences their behavior. Experiment In the following experiment, a study was conducted to investigate the extent to which transactional space influences the behavior of individuals in college. The investigator walked through the college in different areas where different activities were being carried out. The exercise took three hours and findings were recorded. The experiment was conducted in the campus park because of the diversity of activity and human interactions that takes place in it. Methodology Since the study involved the study of behavior in face to face interaction, a major problem encountered was how to define the structural units in which the subjects were organized. In particular, it became difficult to delineate the distinct units of interaction with regard to the organization of observable behavior into their components for analysis. However, the observations were made randomly with neither of the subjects aware of the experiments. As such, the experimenter walked from one point to another, looking at the group formation and identifying individuals who did not have any company. The behavior which was recorded included eye focus, body movement and the degree of engagement in a particular action. In particular, the reaction of the subjects were observed whenever the experimenter approached an individual or a group of individuals. In all the instances, the experimenter did not engage the subjects in any form of conversation. Observations and results Behavior of individuals was varied depending on the activity and whether one was alone or in groups. Among the individuals who were alone, there seemed to be an absorption with either something that was going on around them or an absorption with an activity that they were involved with. They also seemed to react whenever an individual came within three meters of their transactional space. Of the notable behaviors, five out of six subjects looked directly at the individual who came within three meters of their transactional space. Among groups of individuals, there was a variation in behavior with regard to the number. In a group of two, the subjects engaged in conversation with momentous eye contact. Whenever one passed within a distance of three meters, they all turned and depending on the behavior or gender of the individual, some responded with either greeting the individual or looked briefly and continued with their conversation. The latter instance was rare with groups of three or more. Discussion A behavior setting is composed of one or more standing patterns of behavior. There are numerous patterns of behavior that have been recognized such as a molar unit or group activity. This is a bounded pattern in holistic human behavior. It is thus a discrete behavioral unit with coordinates which are univocal within space and time. As such, a standing pattern of behavior cannot be said to be a character of the subjects involved but rather, it is a phenomenon outside the individual with unique characteristics which remain whenever there is an alteration of the participants. One apparent thing among the subjects observed is that their behavior with regard to reacting to an individual coming within their transactional space is dependent among various factors which may not be open to the experimenter as human behavior is derived from both external and internal conditions. As such, every observable behavior exhibited by an individual has various roots even though behavior can be predicted to some extent. The first thing that the course has helped to understand in relation to drug and alcohol is the different terms that are used when counseling a person. This are the general terms that are used when counseling a patient. For example, it is not good to use terms like â€Å"you are wrong,† â€Å"you do not know† or â€Å"you are foolish.† The course has helped to learn the new terms that I will be using like, â€Å"instead of saying you are wrong,† you can say, â€Å"that is another good reason.† Additionally, it has helped us to learn the tone of language that is to be used. When counseling a patient, one should always be calm and always be positive about what the patient is feeling and thinking. It is also in this unit of general psychology that we have learnt how very different people behave in the different ways. This is where the course has taught me why different people behave as they do and why they end up drinking. Stress is one factor that makes people to end up becoming alcoholic or turning into drugs. Additionally, drug abuse and alcoholism has also been known to be hereditary from the resent research studies that have been done by the different scholars. It is through this course that we have learnt the very many reasons as to why people behave in different ways and why they take drugs or alcohol. I have learnt the different forms of therapy that are used in counseling in this course. This is where the introduction to therapy is done. One way of helping a drug or an alcohol addict to stop the addiction is through therapy. Therapy is the solving of personal problems of a person that occurs daily. In therapy, talking with a trained professional is the method that is usually used to solve the different problems. Therefore, this unit of general psychology is helping me gain that knowledge and become a professional therapist in treating the different problems that different drug and alcohol addicts have. It is also in this lesson of general psychology that I have learned the intelligence of the human thinking. In the growth graph, since the time somebody is born, the brain usually undergoes several stages intelligence. For example, when somebody is at the age of the teenage the brain starts to develop the ability to solve problems in reality. This means that the thinking capacity has grown and the person is able to think critically as compared to the person was young. Therefore, this lesson has helped me understand the different stages of intelligence in the human beings, making it easy for me when it comes to counseling the different people. Motivation is another very important factor in counseling especially in the counseling of drug abusers and alcoholics. It is in this class where the subject of motivation is introduced and taught in detail to prepare the students as they go ahead with the studies of psychology. I have learnt the different methods that are used in motivating the different drug and alcohol addicts. This is very important because when counseling people who are drug or alcohol addicts, the people need to be motivated so that they can be able to quit easily without the need of turning back. Therefore, this lesson of general psychology has taught me a greater lesson in motivation and how it should be applied in the field of practice. This class of general psychology has taught me a great number of different personalities that different people tend have. It is important to note that there is no way that two people can have the same personality. According to this chapter, it is because of how the different kinds of people have very different thoughts from one another. For this reason, the study of this lesson has been a very influential topic in my career as a counselor of drug addicts and alcoholics In addition, this class has opened up my mind on the different perceptions that I always had about drunkards. When I had started this class, I had the wrong impression/perception of how the drug addicts and alcoholics behave. I thought that this people, are people who are just lazy in life and they only abuse drugs as an excuse to their many problems. However, this class of general psychology has changed my perception about the different drug addicts and alcoholics and it has given me an open mind, which is required by counselors when it comes to helping others during therapy. Lastly, this lesson has been able to introduce some of the topics that are very useful in the study of counseling, and they are going to be learnt deeply in other classes especially at the level of specialization. Additionally, it is this unit, which has helped me realize that people are not always drug addicts or alcoholics because they want to be, but it is because of the different behaviors that they exhibit, which are affected by external factors like stress. These external factors can drive somebody crazy leading to drug abuse or alcohol abuse. Therefore, this subject has introduced me into the topic of human behavior in relation to drug abuse, alcoholism and how the following problems can be solved by the use of counseling.

The Autobiography By Benjamin Franklin - 1952 Words

The Autobiography In the autobiographical essay aptly entitled â€Å"The Autobiography† (1791) Benjamin Franklin, a writer, renowned inventor, and American founding father confides that he had made attempts in his youth at emulating Perfection through the apprehension and application of 13 traits: Temperance,Silence, Order, Resolution, Frugality, Industry, Sincerity, Justice, Moderation, Cleanliness, Tranquility, Chastity, and Humility. Enunciating his ideas by checking the aforementioned traits off the list, not in a numerical order as to their placement on his list, but in a chronological order relating to the sequence he completed the items. Benjamin Franklin used the list and a story like retelling of events in order to bring light to his†¦show more content†¦The Crisis Thomas Paine, an American Colonial writer during the American Revolution, wrote a persuasive essay â€Å"The Crisis, Number 1†(17760 in which he implores that the colonists â€Å"lay [their] shoulders to the wheel; better have too much force than too little, when so great an object is at stake.† in regards to the freedom taken away by British control. He makes clear the importance of breaking away from Britain by explaining that revolting against tyranny was supported by God and it was a natural duty of man to respond against â€Å"mean principles that are held by the Tories†. Paine used an anecdote about a father selfishly deciding against fighting instead of attaining freedom for his child in order to â€Å"awaken every man to duty† or convince the reader that a moral, respectable citizen would agree with him. The target audience is easily spotted in this essay because Colonial emotions are shown paramount to British ones, the essay was designed to impress upon colonists the importance of fighting for their own Freedom through the use of bandwagon tactics and pathos filled anecdotes and his opinionated tone. Speech in the Virginia Convention Patrick Henry addressed the Second Virginia Convention with a plea known as â€Å"Patrick Henry s Speech in the Convention† (1775) in whichShow MoreRelatedThe Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin1058 Words   |  5 PagesThe Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin Benjamin Franklin’s life made a huge impact on the history of America. He also was an influence for many citizens. Since Franklin lived during the eighteenth century, a period of growth for America, he also played a part in the political founding of the United States. To help future generations, Franklin wrote an autobiography of his life. 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Then, I will talk about Ben Franklin 13 secretsRead MoreThe Autobiography Of Benjamin Franklin Analysis781 Words   |  4 PagesLater adding to it, contributing his life’s story to a historical documentation. Written in a specific style, Benjamin Franklin’s memoir, The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin, is a narrative of his life. Incorporating strict fact and events, expository writing, excludes the author’s opinion of the subject matter. This is unmistakably not the case in â€Å"The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin† because he writes his contemplations, especially his past experiences, rather than just revealing the eventsRead MoreEssay Benjamin Franklin Autobiography827 Words   |  4 PagesHumility to acknowledge, that I owe the mentiond Happiness of my past Life to his kind Providence, which led me to the Means I usd and gave them Success.† (Franklin, The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin, 28) I chose this quote to open this essay because it’s one of the first things Franklin talks about when he takes over in his autobiography. It shows that he has a relationship with god because he gives god the credit for all of the things he had accomplished. 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